Executive Branch Exam Answers


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Early precedents[ edit ] Deliberative process privilege is a specific instance of the more general principle of executive privilege. It is usually considered to be based upon common law rather than separation of powers, and its history traces back...

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Jefferson refused to personally testify but provided selected letters. In , President Andrew Jackson cited executive privilege when Senator Henry Clay demanded he produce documents concerning statements the president made to his cabinet about the removal of federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States during the Bank War. There followed a series of investigations, culminating in the famous Hiss - Chambers case of At that point, the Truman Administration issued a sweeping secrecy order blocking congressional efforts from FBI and other executive data on security problems.

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Investigation of the State Department and other cases was stymied and the matter left unresolved. During the Army—McCarthy hearings in , Eisenhower used the claim of executive privilege to forbid the "provision of any data about internal conversations, meetings, or written communication among staffers, with no exception to topics or people. This was done in the form of a letter from Eisenhower to the Department of Defense and an accompanying memo from Eisenhower Justice. The reasoning behind the order was that there was a need for "candid" exchanges among executive employees in giving "advice" to one another.

Found: 6 Apr 2021 | Rating: 86/100

Executive Privilege

In the end, Eisenhower would invoke the claim 44 times between and United States v. Nixon[ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this template message The Supreme Court addressed executive privilege in United States v. Nixon , the case involving the demand by Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox that President Richard Nixon produce the audiotapes of conversations he and his colleagues had in the Oval Office of the White House in connection with criminal charges being brought against members of the Nixon Administration for breaking into the Watergate complex.

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Ch.13-14 Executive Branch Practice Tests And Answer Keys

President Nixon invoked the privilege and refused to produce any records. The Supreme Court did not reject the claim of privilege out of hand; it noted, in fact, "the valid need for protection of communications between high Government officials and those who advise and assist them in the performance of their manifold duties" and that "[h]uman experience teaches that those who expect public dissemination of their remarks may well temper candor with a concern for appearances and for their own interests to the detriment of the decisionmaking process.

Found: 24 Apr 2021 | Rating: 91/100

The Executive Branch: Bureaucracy In A Democracy

Once executive privilege is asserted, coequal branches of the Government are set on a collision course. The Judiciary is forced into the difficult task of balancing the need for information in a judicial proceeding and the Executive's Article II prerogatives. This inquiry places courts in the awkward position of evaluating the Executive's claims of confidentiality and autonomy, and pushes to the fore difficult questions of separation of powers and checks and balances. These 'occasion[s] for constitutional confrontation between the two branches' are likely to be avoided whenever possible. Nixon , supra, at However, that complicated his efforts to keep congressional investigations under control. Political scientist Mark J. Rozell concludes that Ford's: failure to enunciate a formal executive privilege policy made it more difficult to explain his position to Congress.

Found: 21 Apr 2021 | Rating: 91/100

CCNA 1 Final Exam Answers 2021 (v5.1+v6.0) Introduction To Networks

He concludes that Ford's actions were prudent; they likely salvaged executive privilege from the graveyard of eroded presidential entitlements because of his recognition that the Congress was likely to challenge any presidential use of that unpopular perquisite. Reagan wrote that if Congress seeks information potentially subject to executive privilege, then executive branch officials should "request the congressional body to hold its request in abeyance" until the president decides whether to invoke the privilege. Barr issued guidance in about responding to congressional requests for confidential executive branch information. He wrote: "Only when the accommodation process fails to resolve a dispute and a subpoena is issued does it become necessary for the president to consider asserting executive privilege". In , President Bill Clinton became the first president since Nixon to assert executive privilege and lose in court, when a federal judge ruled that Clinton aides could be called to testify in the Lewinsky scandal.

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Declaring that "absolutely no one is above the law", Starr said such a privilege "must give way" and evidence "must be turned over" to prosecutors if it is relevant to an investigation. George W. Bush administration[ edit ] The Bush administration invoked executive privilege on six occasions. President George W. Bush first asserted executive privilege in December to deny disclosure of details regarding former attorney general Janet Reno , [16] the scandal involving Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI misuse of organized crime informants James J. In a separate Supreme Court decision in , however, Justice Anthony Kennedy noted "Executive privilege is an extraordinary assertion of power 'not to be lightly invoked.

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Reynolds , U. Further, on June 28, , Bush invoked executive privilege in response to congressional subpoenas requesting documents from former presidential counsel Harriet Miers and former political director Sara Taylor , [18] citing that: The reason for these distinctions rests upon a bedrock presidential prerogative: for the president to perform his constitutional duties, it is imperative that he receive candid and unfettered advice and that free and open discussions and deliberations occur among his advisors and between those advisors and others within and outside the Executive Branch.

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On July 9, , Bush again invoked executive privilege to block a congressional subpoena requiring the testimonies of Taylor and Miers. Fielding refused to comply with a deadline set by the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee to explain its privilege claim, prove that the president personally invoked it, and provide logs of which documents were being withheld. In a letter to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Fielding claimed certain papers relating to discussion of the friendly fire shooting "implicate Executive Branch confidentiality interests" and would therefore not be turned over to the committee. The subpoena would have required Rove to testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee in a probe over fired federal prosecutors. In a letter to Senate Judiciary chairman Patrick Leahy , Fielding claimed that "Rove, as an immediate presidential advisor, is immune from compelled congressional testimony about matters that arose during his tenure and that relate to his official duties in that capacity.

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The Executive Branch Worksheet Answers

Furthermore, he asserted that the president's executive privilege claims protecting both Bolten and Rove were illegal. Scott Jennings comply "immediately" with their subpoenas. This development paved the way for a Senate panel vote on whether to advance the citations to the full Senate. Rove's lawyer wrote that his client is "constitutionally immune from compelled congressional testimony. The subject of the hearings was why the SEC had failed to act when Harry Markopolos , a private fraud investigator from Boston, alerted the SEC, detailing his persistent and unsuccessful efforts to get the SEC to investigate Bernard Madoff beginning in Comey was fired several weeks before being subpoenaed but had appeared before the committee once before in March while still serving as director.

Found: 7 Apr 2021 | Rating: 86/100

The Limits Of Executive Privilege

Less than a week before the scheduled hearing, it was reported that President Trump was considering invoking executive privilege to prevent Comey's testimony. However, in order to facilitate a swift and thorough examination of the facts sought by the Senate Intelligence Committee, President Trump will not assert executive privilege regarding James Comey's scheduled testimony. This was in response to a subpoena from the House of Representatives leading up to their impending vote over whether to hold Wilbur Ross and Attorney General William Barr in contempt of Congress over the census question. It said Congress needed a legislative reason to request the documents, rather than conducting a criminal investigation, which is a power of the executive branch.

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U.S. Citizenship Test Questions

A technician uses the ping What is the technician testing? What is the correct order for PDU encapsulation? Which device should be used for enabling a host to communicate with another host on a different network? A network technician is measuring the transfer of bits across the company backbone for a mission critical application. The technician notices that the network throughput appears lower than the bandwidth expected. Which three factors could influence the differences in throughput? Choose three. Which characteristics describe fiber optic cable?

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Executive Branch Quiz

Choose two. It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding and twisting to protect data. It has a maximum speed of Mbps. What are two features of a physical, star network topology? It is straightforward to troubleshoot. It is easy to add and remove end devices. Each end system is connected to its respective neighbor. A frame is transmitted from one networking device to another. Why does the receiving device check the FCS field in the frame? It initiates an ARP request. It broadcasts the frame out of all ports on the switch. It notifies the sending host that the frame cannot be delivered. It forwards the frame out of all ports except for the port at which the frame was received. Which parameter does the router use to choose the path to the destination when there are multiple routes available? Which two statements describe the functions or characteristics of ROM in a router?

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The Executive Branch

Share Organization of U. Government This page provides an overview of the structure of U. To better understand U. Structure of U. Government From the perspective of persons in the United States, there are four levels of government: local, state, federal and international but the international level is NOT a government, it is primarily voluntary arrangements or agreements among national governments. Local government oversight was supplanted by state and federal regulations, but cities still have authority to regulate food businesses within their jurisdiction, such as dairy processing and food service businesses e.

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Executive Branch Exam | BetterLesson

State governments have authority to regulate food businesses within their jurisdiction and primarily regulate food processing even though much of that oversight has been supplanted by federal law and the retail sector, such as, restaurants food services and grocery stores. Of course, most other nations also have national food laws to address food safety concerns in their country. There is no international government; there are non-government organizations NGOs that suggest standards for national governments to adopt in an effort to harmonize food standards and thereby reduce political hurdles to international food trade. There also are trade agreements negotiated among national governments and some of these agreements may address food safety issues that arise from import and export of food products.

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CCNA 1 Final Exam Answers (v + V) - Config Router

Disputes among nations are resolved by either negotiating resolutions among the disputing nations, or severing their interactions and other economic ties. Hopefully the disputing nations will not resort to military conflict to resolve a dispute. As a general rule, if there is a conflict between state law and federal law in the United States, federal law prevails over preempts state law U.

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Civics Worksheet The Executive Branch Answers

For example, "We the people of the United States Preamble "All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security and benefit of the people, and they the people have a right to alter or reform the same the government whenever the public good may require. Constitution establishes the federal government and state constitutions establish state governments. The U. Constitution as well as the state constitutions define the authority of government the authority of local government is based on its state's constitution. Government, whether the federal government, state government, or local government, can only do what it is authorized to do in its respective constitution, and cannot do what it is prohibited from doing in the constitution.

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CCNA 1 Final Exam Answers 2021 (v5.1 + V6.0)

The following examples illustrate authorities and prohibitions in the U. Example of an authority granted to the federal government in the U. Constitution: "The Congress shall have power to To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. II, Sec. This example was chosen because this statement in the U. Constitution is the basis for the federal government to regulate the food industry in the United States, based on the understanding that most food in the United States fits the definition of interstate commerce that is, "commerce Example of an action that the U.

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The Executive Branch Worksheet Quizlet

Constitution prohibits the federal government from doing: "No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. This example was chosen to clarify that no tax will be imposed on food or any other product as it is moved from one state to another. This prohibition was included in the U. Constitution in the late s as a way to prevent tax from interfering with interstate commerce -- an idea based on the assumption that interstate commerce is important to the economic growth of the nation. This assumption continues to be held today; many people believe that commerce among nations also stimulates global economic growth. Example of an authority granted to the North Dakota state government by the North Dakota Constitution: "The legislative assembly shall enact all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this constitution.

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Quiz: Executive Branch - The President

IV, Sec. Example of an action that the North Dakota Constitution prohibits North Dakota state government from doing: "The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference shall be forever guaranteed in this state I, Sec. This constitutional right for individuals prohibits state government from taking any action that infringes on an individual's religious beliefs and practices.

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Executive Branch Test

This prohibition, however, does not forbid people from relying on their religious values when deciding how to vote for government officials. Constitution prohibits for all levels of government in the United States: "No person shall be This example was chosen because it begins to define a limit to the regulatory authority of the government in the United States, including the authority of government to regulate the food industry.

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5 Executive Secretary Interview Questions And Answers

Constitutions are intended to reflect the thinking of the voters. To preserve this idea, only voters in the state can amend the North Dakota Constitution not the state legislature and only a majority of the states can amend the U. Constitution not the Congress ; see U. V and N. III, Sec. In summary, the government has no more authority than what the people have granted to the government. Branches of Government The U. Constitution and the state constitutions establish three branches of government: legislative, executive and judicial. The following sections focus on the role of each branch of U. Legislative branch: the elected officials who comprise the legislative branch set public policy by enacting statutes. The federal legislative branch is Congress; state legislative branches are usually referred to as legislatures. Suggestions or ideas for proposed policies come from many sources, including citizens, government agencies, and the president or governor.

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Executive Branch Guided Notes Answers

Sometimes the proposal addresses novel policy issues; other times, the proposal revisits issues that have been previously addressed by a court or the legislature. The reason to revisit an issue is because the current legislature wants to reinforce, clarify, or change the current law. The following statement by the North Dakota Supreme Court clearly indicates the respective responsibilities of the legislative and judicial branches of government: "The legislature, not this Court, should weigh the competing policy concerns and decide whether to change the clear statutory language. Statutes cannot conflict with the Constitution. The following statements are excerpts from two court decisions in which the courts determined that an amendment to a state constitution and a local ordinance were invalid because they conflicted with the U.

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HPSC HCS (Ex. Br.) Notification - HPSC HCS Pre Exam Postponed

Because we conclude that Amendment E was motivated by a discriminatory purpose, we must strike it down as unconstitutional Farm Bureau v. Hazeltine striking down Amendment E of the South Dakota Constitution, which limited corporate farming, because it conflicted with the U. Constitution], and thus is invalid. Executive branch: executes or implements the statutes enacted by the legislative branch. The executive branch consists of some elected officials and numerous government agency employees.

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Senior Executive Exam Answer Key

For example, the only person elected in the U. All other members of the federal executive branch are agency employees who have been appointed or hired directly or indirectly by the president. At the state level, the governor leads the executive branch. In some states, such as North Dakota, several members of the executive branch are elected, for example, the Governor, Agriculture Commissioner, Tax Commissioner, Commerce Commissioner, and the Attorney General. In other states, fewer state officials are elected; in those states, the governor appoints these executive heads.

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Organization Of The Executive Branch

Executive agencies whether at the federal level or state level promulgate regulations to set forth details about implementing the statutes. Regulations cannot conflict with the Constitution nor the underlying statute that serves as the foundation for the regulation. Restated, the executive branch can do no more than it is authorized to do in the statutes enacted by the legislative branch; nor can the executive branch ignore the mandates that the legislative branch imposes on the executive branch.

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Quiz: Executive Branch - The President

The following examples illustrate a statute in which the legislative branch mandates action by the executive branch as well as a statute wherein the legislative branch grants the executive agency a discretionary authority. Judicial branch: resolves disputes and interprets the law. The judicial branch of government is the court system. It is comprised of trial courts to determine the facts and appellate courts to interpret or clarify the Constitution, statutes, regulations and common law. The court system is our society's mechanism for resolving disputes it is better than using force or resorting to violence to resolve disputes. Types of Court Cases Criminal court case -- state government charges a person with a crime; the penalty for committing a crime will be either imprisonment or a fine. This web site does NOT address criminal law. If the company is found guilty of the crime, the company may be punished with a fine. See U. Department of Justice. Bringing Criminal Charges Against Corporations.

Found: 19 Apr 2021 | Rating: 88/100

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Math Nation Section 2 Test Yourself Answers

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